Volumen 6, Número 9 - Mayo 2016
Editorial, Marie Luise Poincaré - Download
A process to design a system of prevention of occupational and work-related diseases caused by climate changes in the Chilean agrosilvopastoral sector - Paz Díaz Castillo - Download
- Abstract. The increase in temperature together with the reduction of rainfall in a large part of the national territory can generate unfamiliar and/or harmful environmental conditions, exposing workers to a new configuration of physical, chemical and biological agents; and thereby increasing labor morbidity. To coping with that problem, this article shows the process of designing a system for preventing diseases caused by climate change in the Chilean agrosilvopastoral sector during the 21st century. This process comprises these four sequential stages. 1) Characterization of the probable scenarios: based on secondary sources, the predicted climate states will be deployed with their respective probability of occurrence for at least five natural regions of the national territory, both insular and continental South American, and through a comparative geography it will predict the pattern of forestry, livestock and agriculture activity that best fits each new climate in each natural region. 2) Determination of causal relationships: through simulations with computational support whose inputs are experiences recorded in different parts of the world, it will identify the thresholds of variables of the scenario (climate - agrosilvopastoral activity) that generate the emergence of occupational diseases and/or increase the quantity, prevalence and/or severity of these. 3) Identification of alterations to scenarios: by means of dose-response heuristics, it will identify those variables of the scenario whose modification significantly reduces the labor morbidity, either in the severity of the disease, in the number of patients, in the appearance of new diseases and any other measurable harmful effect. 4) Assemblies of alterations: it will be assessed in monetary units both the cost of implementing each alteration and the avoided risk by reducing the occupational diseases through the alterations already identified for later, through a mathematical programming to achieve the optimal configuration of alterations.
- Keywords: climate change, disease, livestock, agriculture, forestry, work, scenarios.
Tourist infrastructure inspired by the domes of Chinchihuaipi: recreating the first resort of the mankind - Lucio Cañete Arratia - Download
- Abstract. The Chilean economy has traditionally rested on the exploitation of natural resources where mining has been the main activity. However, other countries are developing their tourism which impacts several productive activities. Certainly, tourism in Chile can and should achieve greater consolidation and the heritage architecture can make its contribution through a unique offer, unique in the world. Indeed, recent studies have confirmed that on the banks of the Chinchihuapi estuary, there existed more than 13 thousand years ago a human settlement that at the time had a set of facilities for a Good passing, imagining that it would even be a resort, the first in the history of mankind. The structures that facilitated this settlement consisted of domes of wood and leather, which assembled harmonically generated the comfort for the first guests of the territory that today we call Chile. In such a context, it is attractive to re-create those domes and to make ergonomic adjustments in them by means of the technology available today, superior to that of the Late Pleistocene, for these new constructions to be exploited by tourists. In this sense, the present work shows some simulations both computational and physical model that illustrate the performance that such domes would have, indicating that they have a satisfactory response to the meteorological agents, and should improve the health issue and others indoor variables. So, it is expected that in the near future the hotel offer to visitors stays in the domes that thousands of years ago occupied individuals of our species long before Chile was Chile.
- Keywords: dome, singularity, leisure, Pleistocene, ergonomic.
Catastrophe Theory and Territorial Dynamics in Valparaíso - Juan Luís Araya Silva - Download
- Abstract. After being a prosperous commune in the XIX century, Valparaíso became a city of limited development, not only from the structural and functional point of view, but also in the economic aspect, due to the lack of planning and development plans, among other variables. Due to that, urban growth became untenable, after the flight of goods and services (adding to the demographic growth), which caused the gradual disappearance of the synergic networks which maintained the social and economic superstructure of the city. To analyze this phenomenon, it is compulsory to have quantitative elements of judgement to increase the epistemological acquis for the policy-making, something clearly missing in the development plans. This work poses a proposal for a quantitative phenomenological model based on the catastrophe theory, backed by a bibliographic and in premises analysis of the city, considering its historical and social aspects, being structured as an ‘apex’; an analysis determined to be based on: the flight of goods, urban growth, disappearance of social networks and of development plans. A social collapse occurs when these variables lose their functional organics relating each other, and, therefore, the advance of one must be in concordance with the quantitative advance of the other. The result is a model to analyze empirically the way of collapse of Valparaíso. The model itself poses to be one more element to take into account in the decision-making of the future development plans for the city.
- Key Words: Catastrophe Theory, catastrophe in apex, singularity, synergy, system theory, landscape, land-use management.
Epic Technology to stop the corruption in Chile: an alternative inspired from the literature - Lucio Cañete Arratia - Karla Padilla Antezana - Download
- Abstract. Regarding the growing corruption uncovered during the last two years in Chile and as an alternative to the traditional recommendations to stop this evil, it is proposed a new way to alter the environment whose features has a simile with the epic genre of literature. It is about the actions of a citizen who, faced with adversity, he performs a heroic action in search of an achievement valued by the nation. This non-traditional way of dealing with corruption plenty of both huge courage and singular intelligence, was conceived initially only for fun in the hope that in the near future it could inspire efficient solutions.
- Keywords: epic, corruption, technology, simile, literature, courage, intelligence.